# PepRank

> Clean nootropic and general-health peptides, ranked by graded first-hand user reports and tiered for safety on five risk axes, with European prices.

PepRank ranks nootropic and general-health peptides by what people who took them report, and checks each against the research for any route to real harm. Every first-hand Reddit and X report is graded on its own (glowing, positive, mixed, nothing, negative, bad reaction), tagged with goal, dose and route, and vendor-adjacent posts are kept but left out of the counts; each peptide's headline is the share of its reports that are glowing or positive and its rank the mean grade (glowing 10, positive 8, mixed 5, nothing 3, negative 1.5, bad reaction 0), both pulled toward the all-report average by eight reports' weight so a peptide with few reports cannot top the list, with the researchers' own estimate out of 10 standing in where no report is graded yet. Each peptide is scored 0–3 on five risk axes: seen harm (documented serious adverse events), mechanism (a plausible pathway to serious harm such as growth-factor or hormone-axis effects), data gap (how little human safety data exists), silent harm (whether a harm would be delayed and unnoticed) and product (grey-market purity and injection risk). Those axes give a tier, clean, caution or excluded, under three safety bars: strict, balanced and evidence only. Excluded peptides are still listed with the reason. Where-to-buy tables price each peptide across European and other shops in euros per mg, with each shop's testing status.

All peptides in one file: [llms-full.txt](https://peprank.xyz/llms-full.txt). Each peptide page at https://peprank.xyz/p/<id> has a Markdown twin at https://peprank.xyz/p/<id>.md. Research notes, not medical advice.

## Peptides

- [EGF serum (sh-oligopeptide-1)](https://peprank.xyz/p/oligopeptide-1.md): Caution, 59% positive across 24 reports, #1 of 23 supplements. Recombinant human growth factor in serums; users like the glow, but keep it off broken or microneedled skin.
- [GB-115](https://peprank.xyz/p/gb-115.md): Caution, 57% positive across 41 reports, #1 of 61 research peptides. Dipeptide-like CCK-receptor blocker; daytime anxiolytic without sedation or blunting.
- [GHK-Cu (topical)](https://peprank.xyz/p/ghk-cu-topical.md): Caution, 59% positive across 44 reports, #2 of 23 supplements. Decades-old cosmetic copper peptide; gentle skin firmness/texture and possibly hair benefits.
- [KPV](https://peprank.xyz/p/kpv.md): Caution, 58% positive across 47 reports, #2 of 61 research peptides. Anti-inflammatory alpha-MSH fragment for gut, skin and allergy inflammation; animal data only.
- [ARA-290](https://peprank.xyz/p/ara-290.md): Caution, 56% positive across 40 reports, #3 of 61 research peptides. Non-erythropoietic EPO-derived peptide for small-fibre neuropathy pain.
- [Thymosin alpha-1](https://peprank.xyz/p/thymosin-alpha-1.md): Caution, 60% positive across 47 reports, #4 of 61 research peptides. Thymic immunomodulator approved abroad for hepatitis B/C; used to cut down on colds.
- [Lactium (alpha-s1 casein hydrolysate)](https://peprank.xyz/p/lactium.md): Clean, 52% positive across 11 reports, #3 of 23 supplements. Milk-protein decapeptide for stress and sleep; gentle, non-sedating, slow to build.
- [Cortexin](https://peprank.xyz/p/cortexin.md): Caution, 50% positive across 20 reports, #5 of 61 research peptides. Russian brain-cortex extract, Cerebrolysin cousin; 10-day IM courses.
- [Larazotide](https://peprank.xyz/p/larazotide.md): Clean, 56% positive across 6 reports, #6 of 61 research peptides. Tight-junction (zonulin) blocker trialled for celiac; very safe, but efficacy failed phase 3.
- [UC-II (undenatured type II collagen)](https://peprank.xyz/p/uc-ii.md): Clean, 60% positive across 12 reports, #4 of 23 supplements. 40 mg/day chicken-cartilage collagen for knee arthritis pain via oral tolerance; slow, modest.
- [SYN-AKE (dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate)](https://peprank.xyz/p/syn-ake.md): Caution, 57% positive across 18 reports, #5 of 23 supplements. Synthetic 'snake venom' peptide for expression lines; mostly a K-beauty sheet-mask ingredient, mild at best.
- [N-Acetyl Semax Amidate](https://peprank.xyz/p/n-acetyl-semax-amidate.md): Caution, 55% positive across 48 reports, #7 of 61 research peptides. Stabilised, stronger, longer-acting Semax; same use (focus, mental energy).
- [AHK-Cu (topical)](https://peprank.xyz/p/ahk-cu.md): Caution, 46% positive across 20 reports, #6 of 23 supplements. GHK-Cu's hair-targeted sibling; scalp serum users report baby hairs, but data stop at a dish.
- [Thymalin](https://peprank.xyz/p/thymalin.md): Caution, 55% positive across 12 reports, #8 of 61 research peptides. Russian thymus-extract bioregulator for immune 'renewal' in older people; thin evidence.
- [Oxytocin (intranasal)](https://peprank.xyz/p/oxytocin.md): Caution, 52% positive across 50 reports, #9 of 61 research peptides. Brief social warmth and lower social anxiety; subtle, short-lived for most.
- [Pinealon](https://peprank.xyz/p/pinealon.md): Caution, 52% positive across 46 reports, #10 of 61 research peptides. Khavinson tripeptide 'bioregulator'; sleep and circadian claims, mixed reports.
- [Leuphasyl (pentapeptide-18)](https://peprank.xyz/p/pentapeptide-18.md): Caution, 55% positive across 1 report, #7 of 23 supplements. Enkephalin-mimic expression-line peptide, sold as argireline's partner; hard to find alone, barely reviewed.
- [Semax](https://peprank.xyz/p/semax.md): Caution, 52% positive across 51 reports, #11 of 61 research peptides. Mild non-stimulant focus and mental-stamina aid; used for stroke recovery in Russia.
- [N-Acetyl Selank Amidate](https://peprank.xyz/p/n-acetyl-selank-amidate.md): Caution, 48% positive across 21 reports, #12 of 61 research peptides. Stabilised, stronger Selank variant for anxiety; less data, more side reports.
- [AOD-9604](https://peprank.xyz/p/aod-9604.md): Caution, 53% positive across 26 reports, #13 of 61 research peptides. GH C-terminal fragment that failed obesity trials; safe-looking but doesn't work.
- [Glutathione](https://peprank.xyz/p/glutathione.md): Caution, 53% positive across 48 reports, #8 of 23 supplements. Master antioxidant tripeptide; oral raises stores modestly, injections popular for skin glow.
- [Selank](https://peprank.xyz/p/selank.md): Caution, 50% positive across 48 reports, #14 of 61 research peptides. Non-sedating anxiolytic; quiets rumination and social anxiety without benzo-style dependence.
- [Specific collagen peptides (Fortibone, Fortigel, Tendoforte, Verisol)](https://peprank.xyz/p/specific-collagen-peptides.md): Clean, 51% positive across 25 reports, #9 of 23 supplements. Branded collagen hydrolysates trialled for bone density, knee pain and tendons; safe, modest, slow.
- [DSIP](https://peprank.xyz/p/dsip.md): Caution, 49% positive across 49 reports, #15 of 61 research peptides. Sleep-architecture peptide; some feel deeper, more restful sleep, many feel nothing.
- [Thymulin](https://peprank.xyz/p/thymulin.md): Caution, 49% positive across 4 reports, #16 of 61 research peptides. Zinc-bound thymic nonapeptide; injected for immunity, sprayed on scalps for hair. 1980s data only.
- [Bovine colostrum](https://peprank.xyz/p/bovine-colostrum.md): Caution, 47% positive across 24 reports, #10 of 23 supplements. Cow's first milk: immunoglobulins, lactoferrin and growth-factor peptides for gut lining and fewer colds.
- [Adamax](https://peprank.xyz/p/adamax.md): Caution, 47% positive across 28 reports, #17 of 61 research peptides. Vendor-invented adamantyl Semax variant; stronger, longer focus per users.
- [Chonluten](https://peprank.xyz/p/chonluten.md): Caution, 43% positive across 1 report, #18 of 61 research peptides. Khavinson's 'bronchial' tripeptide EDG; no airway study exists, and only one first-hand report was found.
- [VIP](https://peprank.xyz/p/vip.md): Caution, 50% positive across 30 reports, #19 of 61 research peptides. Potent vasodilating neuropeptide used in mould-illness (CIRS) protocols under a doctor.
- [Argireline (acetyl hexapeptide-8)](https://peprank.xyz/p/argireline.md): Caution, 48% positive across 25 reports, #11 of 23 supplements. SNAP-25-mimic 'topical Botox' for expression lines; real but mild softening for about half of users.
- [Lactotripeptides (VPP and IPP)](https://peprank.xyz/p/lactotripeptides.md): Caution, 49% positive across 4 reports, #12 of 23 supplements. Fermented-milk ACE-inhibitor tripeptides; lower blood pressure by a few mmHg, best data in Japan.
- [Carnosine](https://peprank.xyz/p/carnosine.md): Clean, 43% positive across 15 reports, #13 of 23 supplements. Dietary antioxidant dipeptide; small memory benefits in elderly trials, mild if any.
- [Collagen peptides (oral)](https://peprank.xyz/p/collagen-peptides.md): Clean, 49% positive across 47 reports, #14 of 23 supplements. Food-grade protein; modest, slow, inconsistent benefits for skin, nails and joints.
- [SNAP-8 (acetyl octapeptide-3)](https://peprank.xyz/p/snap-8.md): Caution, 45% positive across 12 reports, #20 of 61 research peptides. Argireline's longer sibling, mostly DIY-mixed from peptide vials; users rarely see more than argireline.
- [Tricomin](https://peprank.xyz/p/tricomin.md): Caution, 43% positive across 1 report, #15 of 23 supplements. 1990s ProCyte copper-peptide hair spray, now an AHK-Cu cosmetic; one unpublished small trial, users shrug.
- [Visoluten](https://peprank.xyz/p/visoluten.md): Caution, 39% positive across 2 reports, #16 of 23 supplements. Khavinson oral eye-tissue peptide extract (Cytomax A-11); one in-house report, users notice little.
- [Matrixyl (palmitoyl pentapeptide-4)](https://peprank.xyz/p/matrixyl.md): Clean, 45% positive across 21 reports, #17 of 23 supplements. The classic 'collagen-signal' cosmetic peptide; slow, soft smoothing, more hydration than lift.
- [Biotinoyl tripeptide-1 (Procapil) & Capixyl hair serums](https://peprank.xyz/p/biotinoyl-tripeptide-1.md): Caution, 42% positive across 25 reports, #18 of 23 supplements. Cosmetic anti-shedding peptides in cheap leave-on scalp serums; a minority see baby hairs.
- [Noopept](https://peprank.xyz/p/noopept.md): Caution, 39% positive across 50 reports, #1 of 1 peptide-derived entries. Dipeptide-derived racetam-like nootropic; mild focus and creativity aid, cheap.
- [5-Amino-1MQ](https://peprank.xyz/p/5-amino-1mq.md): Caution, 41% positive across 28 reports, #21 of 61 research peptides. Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor sold alongside peptides for fat loss and energy; no human data.
- [P21 (P021)](https://peprank.xyz/p/p21.md): Caution, 43% positive across 15 reports, #22 of 61 research peptides. CNTF-derived neurogenic peptide from Alzheimer's mouse work; grey market only.
- [Nonapeptide-1 (Melanostatine 5)](https://peprank.xyz/p/nonapeptide-1.md): Caution, 45% positive across 12 reports, #19 of 23 supplements. Alpha-MSH blocker for dark spots, always sold beside stronger lighteners; its own effect is untested.
- [HGH Fragment 176-191](https://peprank.xyz/p/frag-176-191.md): Caution, 40% positive across 14 reports, #23 of 61 research peptides. Growth-hormone tail fragment sold for fat loss; AOD-9604's near-twin, untested in humans and rarely felt.
- [Cerluten](https://peprank.xyz/p/cerluten.md): Caution, researcher estimate 3/10, no graded reports yet, #20 of 23 supplements. Khavinson oral calf-brain peptide extract (Cytomax A-5); one in-house report, no first-hand users found.
- [Hexapeptide-9 (Collaxyl)](https://peprank.xyz/p/hexapeptide-9.md): Caution, researcher estimate 3/10, no graded reports yet, #21 of 23 supplements. Collagen-sequence 'signal' peptide in firming serums; tested in people only as a modified or enhanced version.
- [Tripeptide-10 citrulline (Decorinyl)](https://peprank.xyz/p/tripeptide-10-citrulline.md): Caution, researcher estimate 3/10, no graded reports yet, #22 of 23 supplements. Decorin-mimic peptide meant to tidy collagen fibres; one tiny randomised trial, no user reports.
- [NAP / Davunetide](https://peprank.xyz/p/nap-davunetide.md): Clean, researcher estimate 2/10, no graded reports yet, #24 of 61 research peptides. ADNP-derived microtubule-stabilising peptide; safe in a large trial but ineffective.
- [GHRP-6](https://peprank.xyz/p/ghrp-6.md): Excluded, 59% positive across 14 reports, #25 of 61 research peptides. First-generation GHRP used as an appetite drug for bulking; strong hunger, cortisol, glucose, GH axis.
- [Kisspeptin](https://peprank.xyz/p/kisspeptin.md): Excluded, 52% positive across 30 reports, #26 of 61 research peptides. Top-of-axis GnRH stimulator for libido/testosterone; chronic use can crash the axis.
- [Survodutide](https://peprank.xyz/p/survodutide.md): Excluded, 56% positive across 24 reports, #27 of 61 research peptides. Boehringer's GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist: 12-13% weight loss and large liver-fat cuts in phase 3; unapproved.
- [Mechano growth factor (MGF / PEG-MGF)](https://peprank.xyz/p/mechano-growth-factor.md): Excluded, 53% positive across 5 reports, #28 of 61 research peptides. IGF-1 splice-variant peptide (plain or PEGylated) for muscle repair; disputed biology, cancer-cell signal.
- [PE-22-28](https://peprank.xyz/p/pe-22-28.md): Excluded, 54% positive across 29 reports, #29 of 61 research peptides. TREK-1-blocking spadin fragment; fast-acting antidepressant in mice.
- [Mazdutide](https://peprank.xyz/p/mazdutide.md): Excluded, 55% positive across 21 reports, #30 of 61 research peptides. GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist approved in China in 2025 (Xinermei); grey-market 'ghetto reta' with tirzepatide.
- [TB-500 / Thymosin beta-4](https://peprank.xyz/p/tb-500-thymosin-beta-4.md): Excluded, 50% positive across 52 reports, #31 of 61 research peptides. Healing/actin peptide, almost always stacked with BPC; tumour-metastasis biology is a concern.
- [GLP-1 agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide)](https://peprank.xyz/p/glp-1-agonists.md): Excluded, 49% positive across 55 reports, #32 of 61 research peptides. Most effective weight-loss drugs ever; powerful systemic drugs, not 'clean' wellness peptides.
- [LL-37](https://peprank.xyz/p/ll-37.md): Excluded, 53% positive across 26 reports, #33 of 61 research peptides. Endogenous antimicrobial peptide for chronic infections/dysbiosis; pro-inflammatory, pro-tumour in places.
- [Melanotan II](https://peprank.xyz/p/melanotan-ii.md): Excluded, 51% positive across 51 reports, #34 of 61 research peptides. Non-selective melanocortin agonist for tanning; works, but has documented serious harms.
- [Polaprezinc (zinc L-carnosine)](https://peprank.xyz/p/polaprezinc.md): Excluded, 54% positive across 25 reports, #23 of 23 supplements. Japanese ulcer drug sold as a supplement; the go-to oral 'stomach lining' option for gastritis.
- [SS-31](https://peprank.xyz/p/ss-31.md): Excluded, 52% positive across 50 reports, #35 of 61 research peptides. Mitochondrial cardiolipin binder; FDA-approved for Barth syndrome, popular for energy and endurance.
- [Epitalon](https://peprank.xyz/p/epitalon.md): Excluded, 48% positive across 54 reports, #36 of 61 research peptides. Khavinson 'longevity' tetrapeptide; users mainly report deeper sleep.
- [Dihexa](https://peprank.xyz/p/dihexa.md): Excluded, 50% positive across 30 reports, #37 of 61 research peptides. Angiotensin-IV analogue claimed as potent synaptogenic; hyped, not evidenced in humans.
- [Hexarelin](https://peprank.xyz/p/hexarelin.md): Excluded, 45% positive across 5 reports, #38 of 61 research peptides. Most potent GHRP; fast desensitisation, acute cortisol/prolactin rise and direct CD36 heart effects.
- [GHK-Cu (injectable)](https://peprank.xyz/p/ghk-cu-injectable.md): Excluded, 50% positive across 30 reports, #39 of 61 research peptides. Hugely popular for skin tightening and hair; supraphysiologic systemic dosing with no human data.
- [Humanin](https://peprank.xyz/p/humanin.md): Excluded, 43% positive across 1 report, #40 of 61 research peptides. Mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective peptide; anti-Alzheimer's in animals only.
- [BPC-157](https://peprank.xyz/p/bpc-157.md): Excluded, 46% positive across 53 reports, #41 of 61 research peptides. The most-loved healing peptide; strong anecdotes, animal-only data, angiogenesis concern.
- [IGF-1 DES](https://peprank.xyz/p/igf-1-des.md): Excluded, 49% positive across 4 reports, #42 of 61 research peptides. Short-acting, truncated IGF-1 injected into the trained muscle; very potent at dropping blood sugar.
- [MK-677](https://peprank.xyz/p/mk-677.md): Excluded, 48% positive across 29 reports, #43 of 61 research peptides. Oral GH secretagogue (not a peptide); hunger, bloat, insulin resistance, CHF signal.
- [PTD-DBM](https://peprank.xyz/p/ptd-dbm.md): Excluded, 42% positive across 6 reports, #44 of 61 research peptides. Wnt-activating hair-regrowth peptide from mouse studies; DIY users report little.
- [Plecanatide](https://peprank.xyz/p/plecanatide.md): Excluded, 45% positive across 25 reports, #45 of 61 research peptides. Approved uroguanylin-like GC-C agonist tablet for constipation and IBS-C; linaclotide's sibling.
- [FGL](https://peprank.xyz/p/fgl.md): Excluded, 43% positive across 1 report, #46 of 61 research peptides. NCAM mimetic that activates FGF receptors; rodent memory data only.
- [Follistatin-344](https://peprank.xyz/p/follistatin-344.md): Excluded, 44% positive across 10 reports, #47 of 61 research peptides. Myostatin/activin-binding protein sold as 1 mg vials; about half of tested vials held no follistatin.
- [IGF-1 LR3](https://peprank.xyz/p/igf-1-lr3.md): Excluded, 40% positive across 24 reports, #48 of 61 research peptides. Long-acting IGF-1 analogue (a cell-culture reagent) for muscle; hypoglycaemia, tumour-growth signal.
- [Linaclotide](https://peprank.xyz/p/linaclotide.md): Excluded, 45% positive across 25 reports, #49 of 61 research peptides. Approved gut-only GC-C agonist pill for IBS-C and constipation; works for many, often too well.
- [Sermorelin](https://peprank.xyz/p/sermorelin.md): Excluded, 46% positive across 29 reports, #50 of 61 research peptides. Short GHRH analogue; cheap, gentle, sleep-focused, still GH/IGF-1 axis.
- [PT-141](https://peprank.xyz/p/pt-141.md): Excluded, 39% positive across 30 reports, #51 of 61 research peptides. FDA-approved melanocortin libido drug; works strongly for many, raises blood pressure.
- [GHRP-2](https://peprank.xyz/p/ghrp-2.md): Excluded, 39% positive across 7 reports, #52 of 61 research peptides. Japan-approved GH diagnostic sold as a vial; hunger, cortisol and prolactin spikes, GH axis.
- [MOTS-c](https://peprank.xyz/p/mots-c.md): Excluded, 42% positive across 52 reports, #53 of 61 research peptides. Mitochondrial AMPK-activating peptide; vivid endurance anecdotes, allergic sensitisation reports.
- [Cerebrolysin](https://peprank.xyz/p/cerebrolysin.md): Excluded, 40% positive across 29 reports, #54 of 61 research peptides. Pig-brain peptide mix for stroke/TBI; strong anecdotes, real safety questions.
- [Tesamorelin](https://peprank.xyz/p/tesamorelin.md): Excluded, 43% positive across 29 reports, #55 of 61 research peptides. FDA-approved GHRH analogue for visceral fat; raises IGF-1, anaphylaxis reports.
- [Ipamorelin](https://peprank.xyz/p/ipamorelin.md): Excluded, 42% positive across 51 reports, #56 of 61 research peptides. Selective ghrelin-receptor GH secretagogue; sleep and recovery, GH axis plus reactions.
- [Cagrilintide](https://peprank.xyz/p/cagrilintide.md): Excluded, 36% positive across 25 reports, #57 of 61 research peptides. Novo's weekly amylin analogue, the 'cagri' in CagriSema; a hard appetite brake, often with heavy fatigue.
- [Corticotropin (repository ACTH gel)](https://peprank.xyz/p/corticotropin.md): Excluded, 43% positive across 15 reports, #58 of 61 research peptides. Pituitary hormone gel approved for MS relapses; works like steroids, costs like a luxury car.
- [CJC-1295](https://peprank.xyz/p/cjc-1295.md): Excluded, 38% positive across 29 reports, #59 of 61 research peptides. Long-acting GHRH analogue stacked with ipamorelin; GH axis, vasodilatory reactions.
- [Glatiramer acetate](https://peprank.xyz/p/glatiramer-acetate.md): Excluded, 37% positive across 24 reports, #60 of 61 research peptides. Approved MS drug made of random myelin-mimicking peptide chains; modest relapse cut, injection burden.
- [Orexin-A (intranasal)](https://peprank.xyz/p/orexin-a.md): Excluded, researcher estimate 1/10, no graded reports yet, #61 of 61 research peptides. Wake-promoting neuropeptide; tiny narcolepsy studies, no consumer track record.

## Categories

- [Focus & memory](https://peprank.xyz/c/focus): 7 peptides ranked
- [Mood & anxiety](https://peprank.xyz/c/mood): 5 peptides ranked
- [Sleep](https://peprank.xyz/c/sleep): 3 peptides ranked
- [Neuroprotection & repair](https://peprank.xyz/c/neuro): 10 peptides ranked
- [Immune](https://peprank.xyz/c/immune): 6 peptides ranked
- [Gut](https://peprank.xyz/c/gut): 6 peptides ranked
- [Skin & hair](https://peprank.xyz/c/skin): 17 peptides ranked
- [Mitochondria & longevity](https://peprank.xyz/c/longevity): 4 peptides ranked
- [Recovery, joints & healing](https://peprank.xyz/c/recovery): 5 peptides ranked
- [Metabolic & weight](https://peprank.xyz/c/metabolic): 10 peptides ranked
- [Hormones & libido](https://peprank.xyz/c/hormones): 12 peptides ranked

## Glossary

- **Sequence beads:** Each bead is one amino acid in the peptide's chain, coloured by its side chain: grey for non-polar, cyan for polar, blue for positively charged and fuchsia for negatively charged. Length and mix tell related peptides apart at a glance, from a two-residue dipeptide like carnosine to a 43-residue protein like thymosin beta-4. The colours describe chemistry only and predict neither effect nor safety.
- **Report grades:** Every first-hand Reddit or X report is graded on its own, from glowing through positive, mixed, nothing and negative to bad reaction, and the bar shows how those grades split. Posts that look vendor-adjacent stay on the peptide's page but are left out of the counts.
- **% positive:** The share of a peptide's graded Reddit and X reports that are glowing or positive, vendor-adjacent posts left out. A peptide with few reports is pulled toward the average of all reports, as if it had eight average ones besides its own, so two glowing posts cannot top the list. Kept peptides rank by the same reports' mean grade, shrunk the same way, and excluded ones follow in that order.
- **Researcher estimate:** No first-hand report of this peptide has been graded yet, so the figure is the researchers' own rating out of 10 from what they read about it. It ranks alongside the computed scores until reports arrive.
- **Safety tier:** Each peptide is tiered clean, caution or excluded from its five risk axes under the chosen safety bar. An excluded peptide has a plausible route to serious harm, so it stays listed with the reason but ranks behind every other entry, however good its reviews.
- **Safety bar:** The safety bar sets how much risk it takes to exclude a peptide. Strict: out on any serious mechanism with little human data, or any documented serious harm. Balanced: out on documented serious harm (unless it is obvious, reversible and from a regulated product), or a serious mechanism whose harm would be silent with no human data at all. Evidence only: out only on documented serious harm in humans that is lasting, delayed or from grey-market product.
- **Seen harm:** Documented serious adverse events in humans, from 0 for none despite real exposure to 3 for deaths or several well-documented serious harms. Serious means a hospital or emergency visit or harm lasting weeks, so a headache or a bad night does not count.
- **Mechanism:** A plausible biological route to serious harm at the doses people use, such as growth-factor signalling, hormone-axis suppression, heart or blood-pressure effects or immune activation. It runs from 0 when none is known to 3 when a dangerous pathway has been shown in living animals.
- **Data gap:** How little human safety data exists for the molecule actually sold, from 0 for an approved drug with large trials and years of use to 3 for no human safety data at all. A modified analogue does not inherit its parent's trials.
- **Silent harm:** Whether the feared harm would show quickly or stay hidden, from 0 when it is obvious and goes on stopping to 3 when it is silent and delayed, like tumour promotion or slow organ damage. User reports cannot reveal a harm that takes years to appear, so a high score here limits what good reviews can tell you.
- **Product:** The risk of what people actually buy, from 0 for a regulated pharmacy or supplement product taken by mouth or on the skin to 3 for a grey-market injectable. In one dataset of 6,441 grey-market samples, 42–71% failed basic quality criteria and 15% carried endotoxin.
- **Evidence:** The strongest kind of study behind the peptide's effects, from an approved drug through human controlled trials and small human studies to animal work or nothing of its own. Animal results often fail to carry over to people.
- **Access:** How people get it: as an approved drug, a compounded prescription, an over-the-counter supplement or from the grey market, where nobody checks the vial. The channel decides both the legal position and the risk of a bad batch.
- **Price per month:** Thirty days of the typical dose, from its low end to its high end, priced at the listing a careful buyer would choose: in stock, from a shop scoring 4 of 5 on trust (third-party tested where no score is set), failing that 3, a pure pack before a blend, a European shop first, then the cheapest per mg. The range is the dose's, not the shops'. A per-dose amount counts once a day unless the dose says otherwise. Prices are in euros at ECB rates of 2026-10-29, before shipping; the shop table keeps each listing's price per mg, per gram for bulk supplements. Where no listing can be priced the researchers' own estimate stands in, and says so.
- **Dose users report:** The middle half of the daily doses stated in at least five first-hand reports, vendor posts left out. Where its middle sits more than twice above or below the declared dose, the month is priced at it as well, since what people take is what they pay for.
- **Testing:** Whether the shop publishes lab results: third-party tested means an independent lab checks each batch, own COA means the shop's own certificate of analysis, and no public tests means neither. A certificate shows purity, not safety.
- **Added peptide:** Some packs sold under one peptide's name hold a second one, such as 5 mg GHK-Cu in a nasal kit, stated only in the description. Sprayed in the nose or injected it reaches the blood like an injection, so it carries the risk of that route and is tiered as the injectable form, whatever its tier on the skin. A pack whose page gives no contents list may hold more than its name.

## Optional

- [Full ranking](https://peprank.xyz/): every peptide with filters by goal, route and safety bar
- [Excluded](https://peprank.xyz/excluded): peptides with a plausible route to serious harm, each with the reason
- [Vendors](https://peprank.xyz/vendors): shops, their testing and reputation
- [Method](https://peprank.xyz/method): how reports are graded and risk is scored
- [Sitemap](https://peprank.xyz/sitemap-index.xml)