PepRank

ARA-290

56%positive40 reports

Also: cibinetide · helix-B surface peptide analogue

CautionRecoveryImmuneInjection

Non-erythropoietic EPO-derived peptide for small-fibre neuropathy pain.

QEQLERALNSS · N-terminal pyroglutamate (cibinetide; EPO helix-B derived) (11 residues)

QEQLERALNSS N-terminal pyroglutamate (cibinetide; EPO helix-B derived)

#3 of 61 research peptides · updated
Access
Grey market
Cost / month
≈ €180–630
researchers' estimate; no listing to price
InjectionFelt in 3–13 days

Builds over days or weeks of regular use rather than with each dose.

40 user reports
Glowing 10Positive 13Mixed 3Nothing 8Negative 4Bad reaction 2
  • @SplendidSpeseia· · 25 likesOriginal ↗

    Ara-290 has helped my pain an almost unbelievable amount. I was starting to believe I might never regain somewhat normal function in my hands. For years my hands were limited in function due to severe neuropathic pain, I still have significant pain, but much more function

    GlowingInjection

    years of severe neuropathic pain in hands/arms; ME/CFS, MCAS

  • r/neuropathy· · 6 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I have seen really great results. My neuropathy was very bad and it has improved significantly. I have tried almost everything and this was the most helpful by far. Whether it lasts I’ll have to see.

    GlowingRecovery · Injection · about 1 month

    severe peripheral neuropathy

  • r/neuropathy· · 12 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I used 4mg /d for a few weeks with no change in my pain.

    NothingRecovery · 4 mg/day · Injection · a few weeks

    painful post-COVID neuropathy in the feet

Users report
Results are split in the neuropathy communities. About half report clear relief, often within 1-2 weeks: nerve pain or numbness easing in small-fibre, diabetic, chemo, long-COVID and sciatica/stenosis cases, though much of the praise comes from stacks with BPC-157/TB-500, KPV or KLOW. Roughly 20% feel nothing even after months at 4-8 mg/day, and about 15% get worse for a while, usually a painful nerve flare when ramping the dose, worst in people with allodynia or autoimmune neuropathy. Relief often fades weeks after stopping, and cost is a constant complaint.
Best effects
Less neuropathic burning/tingling · possible small-nerve fibre regrowth (corneal density in trials) · sciatica relief (anecdotal)
Downsides
Expensive · benefit fades after stopping · transient nerve flare when ramping dose · gels in bacteriostatic water
Watch
Generic: grey-market purity · Theoretical only: acts on the EPO-receptor/CD131 'innate repair receptor'; trials showed no erythropoiesis or safety signal
Evidence
Human RCTs — Sarcoidosis small-fibre neuropathy, n=22 and n=64; diabetes; no serious adverse events
Typical use
1-4 mg/day subQ for 4-8 weeks (trials used 4 mg/day for 28 days); reconstitute with sterile water or PBS. Users report 2–4 mg/day (median 4 mg, n=17).
Getting it
Never approved and the sponsor (Araim) stalled; sold as a research chemical, occasionally resold through clinics at a large markup.
Stacked with
BPC-157 + TB-500: The most common pairing for sciatica, disc and post-surgical nerve pain; several users credit the combination over ARA-290 alone. · KPV / KLOW: Added for inflammation in stenosis, MCAS and long-COVID neuropathy; makes it hard to tell which peptide did the work. · GHK-Cu: One long-term user ran it intranasally with GHK-Cu for stenosis nerve pain, with the combination lasting about 12 hours per dose.

User reports 43

  • @SplendidSpeseia· · 25 likesOriginal ↗

    Ara-290 has helped my pain an almost unbelievable amount. I was starting to believe I might never regain somewhat normal function in my hands. For years my hands were limited in function due to severe neuropathic pain, I still have significant pain, but much more function

    GlowingInjection

    years of severe neuropathic pain in hands/arms; ME/CFS, MCAS

  • r/neuropathy· · 6 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I have seen really great results. My neuropathy was very bad and it has improved significantly. I have tried almost everything and this was the most helpful by far. Whether it lasts I’ll have to see.

    GlowingRecovery · Injection · about 1 month

    severe peripheral neuropathy

  • r/neuropathy· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I started ARA 290 23 days ago. I’m also taking NAD and GLOW. My neuropathy pain is gone.

    GlowingRecovery · Injection · 23 days (planning 3-4 months)

    peripheral neuropathy; stacked with NAD+, GLOW and alpha-lipoic acid

  • r/Biohacking· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I’m now 90% better than I was before these cycles and I’m confident it’s been ara290 and/or KPV. So much so I’m stocking up for the next 5/10 years.

    GlowingRecovery · Injection · several cycles

    spinal stenosis nerve pain; stacked with KPV after earlier BPC-157/TB-500/GHK-Cu

  • @SplendidSpeseia· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    ARA-290 at 8mg once per day allowed me to use my hands normally with no adaptive devices and greatly reduced need for pain aids. The pain is still noticable, esp with heavy use of arms, but reduced to the point it rarely impedes daily activities anymore.

    Glowing8 mg/day · Injection · ~1.5 years

    same user, longer-term update; started at 4 mg

  • @Wolverine2573· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    And FYI ... my sciatica has almost completely subsided after finishing my cycle

    Glowing1 cycle (11 vials)

    sciatica

  • r/neuropathy· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Ussualy sciatica last 2-3 months before It completly stops. From hospitalized to back to normal in a week is crazy.

    GlowingRecovery · 1-2 mg/day · Injection · two short courses of 1-2 weeks

    recurrent sciatica; second course stacked with BPC-157 and TB-500

  • r/neuropathy· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    ARA was 1mg 5 days a week for 6 months and every other day since then. My nerve pain had stopped at 2 months. I have long Covid, non length dependent small fibre neuropathy and microangiopathy.

    GlowingRecovery · 1 mg 5 days/week, then every other day · Injection · 8 months

    long COVID non-length-dependent small fibre neuropathy; stacked with KPV and thymosin alpha-1

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Friday was the 1st day since my constant back pain started 15 mo ago that I could stand for longer than 15 seconds without pain beginning & increasing intensity.

    GlowingRecovery · 5 mg/week intranasal with GHK-Cu · Nasal · 2022-2023

    stenosis/scoliosis nerve damage; with GHK-Cu

  • r/neuropathy· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    My feet and lower legs have been numb for about 10 years. I started using ARA-290 about a month ago. The feeling in my feet is signifantly returning. I am totally blown away about this.

    GlowingRecovery · Injection · about 1 month

    diabetic neuropathy

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 93 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Definite benefit, although it took12 days for it to start working. Symptom sensitivity to blood glucose changes largely vanished.

    PositiveRecovery · 4 mg/day (8 mg/day last 2 days) · Injection · 28 days

    idiopathic length-dependent small fibre neuropathy; labs unchanged

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 12 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It was amazing! Feeling started to come back, and I was surprised by how aware I was of temperature too

    PositiveRecovery · Injection · 4 days

    undiagnosed numbness/tingling in feet, suspected small fibre neuropathy

  • @coco_chatel· · 8 likesOriginal ↗

    I’ve been on ARA-290 for three days and it’s been a really positive experience for me. 2 days at 4mg and 1 day at 8mg. The feeling of what I & my doc suspect is excitotoxicity is bothersome and still there, but the rest of my body feels more quiet and stable.

    Positive4-8 mg/day · 3 days

    long COVID, doctor-supervised; with Thymogen and TB4

  • r/PeptidePathways· · 5 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Subject took a cycle of ARA-290. 4mg SubQ for 28 days. Within 10 days: - Numbness was gone from forehead

    PositiveRecovery · 4 mg/day · Injection · 28 days

    post-herpetic neuralgia after forehead shingles (written as "subject" per sub rules)

  • @raci2000· · 5 likesOriginal ↗

    ARA290 is beneficial for me.

    Positive

  • r/Biohackers· · 4 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I microdose ARA-290 at 580mcg-640mcg, 3x a week for MCAS symptoms. Together ARA-290+Thymulin+KPV have eliminated all MCAS symptoms for me.

    PositiveImmune · 580-640 mcg 3x/week · Injection

    infection-driven MCAS; stacked with thymulin and KPV

  • r/neuropathy· · 4 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Definitely helped me. Not permanent- neuropathy slowly crept back. Expensive AF.

    PositiveRecovery · 0.5 mg titrated to 4 mg/day · Injection · a few months, twice

    fluoroquinolone-induced neuropathy; second cycle with BPC-157/TB-500

  • @Kimwaite4· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    I just had major foot surgery. 3 large incisions. I’ve been on BPC for quite some time. 3 days after my surgery I also started Cartalax. And, because there I nerves involved, I started ARA-290 for nerve repair. Amazing how much it’s healed in 12 days.

    PositiveRecovery · 12 days

    post major foot surgery with nerve involvement; with BPC-157 and Cartalax

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    As far as the numbness and stinging goes, I've had dramatic improvements for those particular symptoms and the results seem to last a pretty long time.

    PositiveRecovery · Injection · 2-4 week courses, three times

    systemic small fibre neuropathy with autonomic symptoms and twitching

  • r/neuropathy· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It definitely helped with pain. We took it for three weeks . And the pain is slowly coming .

    PositiveRecovery · 2-4 mg/day · Injection · 3 weeks, then one week a month

    back-injury nerve damage (her) and diabetic neuropathy (husband)

  • r/neuropathy· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Worked well. I can put on socks while standing now without falling over. My neuropathy is numbness caused my chemo 13 years ago.

    PositiveRecovery · Injection · one round

    chemotherapy-induced numbness from 13 years earlier

  • r/neuropathy· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Pretty good, it definitely reduced the neuropathy and the strength in my weaker leg improved pretty substantially.

    PositiveRecovery · 4 mg/day · Injection · 25 days

    thoracic disc herniations with myelopathy; on top of KLOW

  • @TestAlchemistx· · 1 likesOriginal ↗

    I did it but only for a few weeks and I did notice a bit of difference for sure. Wouldn't say dramatic but would imagine running it longer would help.

    Positivea few weeks

    lower back / disc nerve pain

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It’s hard to say tbh. I might take it again I’ll let you know if I do. I think like a month of it gives prob 2 months of relief

    MixedRecovery · Injection · about a month, several times

    small fibre neuropathy with autonomic symptoms

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    lately I’ve been getting local injection reactions. It hasn’t reversed my SFN but when I miss it for a few weeks the pain comes back.

    MixedRecovery · Injection · long-term

    small fibre neuropathy

  • r/Biohackers· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    So I have tinnitus, and what was crazy was how it just turned it off, within 10 mins of the injection.

    MixedRecovery · Injection · several doses

    tinnitus and widespread nerve pain; already on SS-31

  • r/neuropathy· · 12 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I used 4mg /d for a few weeks with no change in my pain.

    NothingRecovery · 4 mg/day · Injection · a few weeks

    painful post-COVID neuropathy in the feet

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 7 upvotesOriginal ↗

    14 days into ARA 290 and zero relief. Losing my mind in pain.

    NothingRecovery · 4 mg/day · Injection · 14 days

    severe small fibre neuropathy, housebound

  • @BarbaraPaden· · 5 likesOriginal ↗

    Day 32 ARA 290 injectable peptide for neuropathic pain. Not even a tiny bit of improvement

    NothingInjection · 32 days

    small fiber peripheral neuropathy in the feet; podiatrist

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Personally I saw no benefit after 4 months of ARA 290, but everyone responds differently

    NothingRecovery · Injection · 4 months

    small fibre neuropathy

  • @ThePepGuy· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    Yes, 4mg nightly hasnt done much for me! I think its very very case specific

    Nothing4 mg nightly

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I took it and got no relief as well. For nearly six weeks, took a break, and then for another month where I bumped up the dosage.

    NothingRecovery · Injection · about 6 weeks plus another month at a higher dose

    small fibre neuropathy

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I used ARA-290 myself for about 5–6 months, including roughly 3 months at 8 mg daily, but unfortunately I didn’t notice any meaningful improvement in my autonomic symptoms.

    NothingRecovery · up to 8 mg/day · Injection · 5-6 months (3 at 8 mg/day)

    small fibre neuropathy with dysautonomia

  • r/Fibromyalgia· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    based on what I did I felt no benefits whatsoever from the ARA290. I also don’t think I will be trying it again.

    NothingRecovery · 2 mg/day, irregular · Injection

    fibromyalgia

  • r/neuropathy· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I started at .5 mg, then 1 mg, then 2 mg, 3 mg and finally 4 mg. The nerves in my feet flared very painfully beginning at 2 mg. I stopped today and the flare is a bit less.

    NegativeRecovery · 0.5 mg titrated to 4 mg/day · Injection · 5 days (later a 3-4 week course)

    Sjögren's / post-COVID neuropathy with allodynia

  • r/Biohacking· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    To be honest the day and day after I took it my symptoms clicked a notch up so I quit it. Also, I paid 225 for a vial that seemed to last 6 days.

    NegativeRecovery · Injection · a few days

    neuropathy; bought through a neurophysiologist's office

  • r/neuropathy· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I just started it 3 days ago - i'm having headaches every day with it - I normally never have headaches

    NegativeRecovery · 2 mg/day · Injection · 3 days

    neuropathy

  • r/smallfiberneuropathy· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Nope, none besides it leaves hige welts & bruising on my thighs.

    NegativeRecovery · 2-4 mg/day · Injection

    residual nerve pain after L5/S1 compression and back surgery

  • r/neuropathy· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I just knew my feet hurt really bad and I needed to go get more help. Before that I’d have flare ups but they’d fluctuate. After the ARA-290 I had to go and get help.

    Bad reactionRecovery · Injection · 28 days

    peripheral neuropathy

  • @KristinaRevay· · 2 likesOriginal ↗

    Started at 1mg/day subQx4 days. Stomach lining feels fried - a lot like Imuran. Stomach pain woke me up last 2 nights. Fatigue worse, muscles feel weaker/crampy - exertion is much harder. Foot & pudendal neuropathic pain unchanged. Gastroparesis improved.

    Bad reaction1 mg/day · Injection · 4 days

    neuro-Sjogren's, doctor-supported

  • @Morayo_Music· · 1 likesOriginal ↗

    Currently on ARA for my chronic nerve pain. Got mine from AmiPeps and it’s super affordable. So far, I’m dreading cycling of it. Stuff’s amazing!

    Glowingvendor-adjacent

    chronic nerve pain; names the vendor and its price

  • @SketchXRP· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    I started on #wolverine for the pain in my hip and knees. #ARA290 for the neuropathy. ... Now the neuropathy is going to take a little longer but after my first round of shots I can feel the numbness subsiding.

    Positivevendor-adjacent

    genetic neuropathy; Wolverine stack credited for hip/knee pain, also on retatrutide

  • @perfresearch· Original ↗

    Yes, multiple disc issues, stenosis and DDD. It helps with radiating pain for sure. It takes time and you have to run a lot. I always keep a couple 30mg kits in the personal stash.

    Positivevendor-adjacent

    multiple disc issues, stenosis, degenerative disc disease

Safety

Tier by safety barStrict CautionBalanced CautionEvidence only Caution

Seen harmMechanismData gapSilent harmProduct

Seen harm 1/3
Across small RCTs, SAEs fell only on drug arms (suicidal ideation at 8 mg; worsening renal function judged possibly related; a cellulitis followed by fatal MI judged unrelated), a small and heterogeneous imbalance; one first-hand report describes allodynia worsening enough to seek care. Cibinetide phase 2b in sarcoidosis, n=64 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02039687 results) ↗Brines et al. 2015: ARA 290 in type 2 diabetes, n=49 ↗r/neuropathy: allodynia worse after ARA-290, needing medical help ↗
Mechanism 1/3
Engineered from erythropoietin to act on the EPO-receptor/CD131 'innate repair receptor' without raising red cells; trials showed no erythropoiesis, so EPO's thrombotic and tumour concerns are speculative here. Dahan et al. 2013: ARA 290 in sarcoidosis small-fibre neuropathy, n=38 ↗
Data gap 2/3
Roughly 100-150 people dosed in total, none for longer than four weeks, across trials of 22-64; never approved. Dahan et al. 2013: ARA 290 in sarcoidosis small-fibre neuropathy, n=38 ↗Cibinetide phase 2b in sarcoidosis, n=64 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02039687 results) ↗Brines et al. 2015: ARA 290 in type 2 diabetes, n=49 ↗
Silent harm 1/3
Reported harms (nerve-pain flares, headaches, welts) are felt within days.
Product 3/3
A grey-market injectable research chemical, sometimes resold through clinics. Mendias & Awan 2026 preprint: 6,441 grey-market peptide samples, 42-71% failed quality criteria, 15% had endotoxin ↗
Never if
Pregnancy or breastfeeding (no human reproductive data)

Where to buy 2 in Europe · 7 total

ShopFormPricePer mgTesting
SwissChemsUSpowder · 160 mg€769855.95 USD€4.81/mgThird-party tested
SwissChemsUSpowder · 16 mg€7785.6 USD€4.81/mgThird-party testedout of stock
Limitless Biotech (Limitless Life Nootropics)USpowder · 16 mg€8796.99 USD€5.45/mgNo public tests
Condor ResearchEU · SKpowder · 10 mg€55€5.50/mgNo public tests
Modern Peptides EUEU · DEpowder · 10 mgcontents not stated€56€5.60/mgOwn COA
Limitless Biotech (Limitless Life Nootropics)USpowder · 8 mg€4650.99 USD€5.73/mgNo public tests
Nootropic SourceUSpowder · 5 mg€3134.95 USD€6.28/mgOwn COA

Studies 5

Sources 2

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  2. 2P21 (P021) DGGL (4 residues) Caution Nasal / Oral / Injection≈ €45–180 / month43%positive15 reportsCNTF-derived neurogenic peptide from Alzheimer's mouse work; grey market only.No human safety data; deliberately drives neurogenesis via a growth-factor pathway, and products are of uncertain identity.
  3. 3NAP / Davunetide NAPVSIPQ (8 residues) Clean Nasal2/10estimateADNP-derived microtubule-stabilising peptide; safe in a large trial but ineffective.
  4. 4Dihexa YI (2 residues) Excluded Oral / Topical / Injection≈ €13–53 / month50%positive30 reportsAngiotensin-IV analogue claimed as potent synaptogenic; hyped, not evidenced in humans.Activates the oncogenic HGF/c-Met pathway, has no human safety data, and its foundational studies are under expressions of concern.
  5. 5Humanin MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA (24 residues) Excluded Injection43%positive1 reportsMitochondrial-derived cytoprotective peptide; anti-Alzheimer's in animals only.Its anti-apoptotic action helps glioma cells survive chemotherapy in animal studies, and there is no human data.
  6. 6FGL EVYVVAENQQGKSKA (15 residues) Excluded Nasal / Injection43%positive1 reportsNCAM mimetic that activates FGF receptors; rodent memory data only.Agonist of the mitogenic FGF receptor, with only phase-1 data and no users to learn from.
  7. 7Cerebrolysin Excluded Nasal / Injection / IV≈ €140–540 / month40%positive29 reportsPig-brain peptide mix for stroke/TBI; strong anecdotes, real safety questions.Cochrane found more non-fatal serious adverse events than placebo; animal-derived injectable with allergy/immune reaction risk.
  8. 8Corticotropin (repository ACTH gel) Excluded Injection43%positive15 reportsPituitary hormone gel approved for MS relapses; works like steroids, costs like a luxury car.Drives the adrenals to flood the body with cortisol, so it carries the corticosteroid label warnings (infection, Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency on withdrawal, GI perforation, psychosis, high blood pressure and glucose, bone loss) plus anaphylaxis. A prescription relapse treatment under a neurologist, not something to take outside one.
  9. 9Glatiramer acetate Excluded Injection37%positive24 reportsApproved MS drug made of random myelin-mimicking peptide chains; modest relapse cut, injection burden.Prescription immunomodulator for relapsing MS with an FDA boxed warning for anaphylaxis (82 cases, 6 deaths reported to 2024, some years into treatment), plus label warnings for liver injury and skin necrosis. Worth it for MS under a neurologist; not a self-directed peptide.

Sequence beads

Each bead is one amino acid in the peptide's chain, coloured by its side chain: grey for non-polar, cyan for polar, blue for positively charged and fuchsia for negatively charged. Length and mix tell related peptides apart at a glance, from a two-residue dipeptide like carnosine to a 43-residue protein like thymosin beta-4. The colours describe chemistry only and predict neither effect nor safety.

non-polarpolarpositivenegative

Report grades

Every first-hand Reddit or X report is graded on its own, from glowing through positive, mixed, nothing and negative to bad reaction, and the bar shows how those grades split. Posts that look vendor-adjacent stay on the peptide's page but are left out of the counts.

GlowingPositiveMixedNothingNegativeBad reaction

% positive

The share of a peptide's graded Reddit and X reports that are glowing or positive, vendor-adjacent posts left out. A peptide with few reports is pulled toward the average of all reports, as if it had eight average ones besides its own, so two glowing posts cannot top the list. Kept peptides rank by the same reports' mean grade, shrunk the same way, and excluded ones follow in that order.

Researcher estimate

No first-hand report of this peptide has been graded yet, so the figure is the researchers' own rating out of 10 from what they read about it. It ranks alongside the computed scores until reports arrive.

Safety tier

Each peptide is tiered clean, caution or excluded from its five risk axes under the chosen safety bar. An excluded peptide has a plausible route to serious harm, so it stays listed with the reason but ranks behind every other entry, however good its reviews.

Safety bar

The safety bar sets how much risk it takes to exclude a peptide. Strict: out on any serious mechanism with little human data, or any documented serious harm. Balanced: out on documented serious harm (unless it is obvious, reversible and from a regulated product), or a serious mechanism whose harm would be silent with no human data at all. Evidence only: out only on documented serious harm in humans that is lasting, delayed or from grey-market product.

Seen harm

Documented serious adverse events in humans, from 0 for none despite real exposure to 3 for deaths or several well-documented serious harms. Serious means a hospital or emergency visit or harm lasting weeks, so a headache or a bad night does not count.

Mechanism

A plausible biological route to serious harm at the doses people use, such as growth-factor signalling, hormone-axis suppression, heart or blood-pressure effects or immune activation. It runs from 0 when none is known to 3 when a dangerous pathway has been shown in living animals.

Data gap

How little human safety data exists for the molecule actually sold, from 0 for an approved drug with large trials and years of use to 3 for no human safety data at all. A modified analogue does not inherit its parent's trials.

Silent harm

Whether the feared harm would show quickly or stay hidden, from 0 when it is obvious and goes on stopping to 3 when it is silent and delayed, like tumour promotion or slow organ damage. User reports cannot reveal a harm that takes years to appear, so a high score here limits what good reviews can tell you.

Product

The risk of what people actually buy, from 0 for a regulated pharmacy or supplement product taken by mouth or on the skin to 3 for a grey-market injectable. In one dataset of 6,441 grey-market samples, 42–71% failed basic quality criteria and 15% carried endotoxin.

Evidence

The strongest kind of study behind the peptide's effects, from an approved drug through human controlled trials and small human studies to animal work or nothing of its own. Animal results often fail to carry over to people.

Access

How people get it: as an approved drug, a compounded prescription, an over-the-counter supplement or from the grey market, where nobody checks the vial. The channel decides both the legal position and the risk of a bad batch.

Price per month

Thirty days of the typical dose, from its low end to its high end, priced at the listing a careful buyer would choose: in stock, from a shop scoring 4 of 5 on trust (third-party tested where no score is set), failing that 3, a pure pack before a blend, a European shop first, then the cheapest per mg. The range is the dose's, not the shops'. A per-dose amount counts once a day unless the dose says otherwise. Prices are in euros at ECB rates of 2026-10-29, before shipping; the shop table keeps each listing's price per mg, per gram for bulk supplements. Where no listing can be priced the researchers' own estimate stands in, and says so.

Dose users report

The middle half of the daily doses stated in at least five first-hand reports, vendor posts left out. Where its middle sits more than twice above or below the declared dose, the month is priced at it as well, since what people take is what they pay for.

Testing

Whether the shop publishes lab results: third-party tested means an independent lab checks each batch, own COA means the shop's own certificate of analysis, and no public tests means neither. A certificate shows purity, not safety.

Added peptide

Some packs sold under one peptide's name hold a second one, such as 5 mg GHK-Cu in a nasal kit, stated only in the description. Sprayed in the nose or injected it reaches the blood like an injection, so it carries the risk of that route and is tiered as the injectable form, whatever its tier on the skin. A pack whose page gives no contents list may hold more than its name.