PepRank

KPV

58%positive47 reports

Also: Lys-Pro-Val · alpha-MSH C-terminal tripeptide · part of 'KLOW' blend

CautionSkin & hairImmuneOral / Topical / Injection

Anti-inflammatory alpha-MSH fragment for gut, skin and allergy inflammation; animal data only.

KPV · α-MSH 11-13; often N-acetyl or C-amide (3 residues)

KPV α-MSH 11-13; often N-acetyl or C-amide

#2 of 61 research peptides · updated
Access
Grey market
Cost / month
≈ €31–61
at 250–500 mcg/day · Semax Polska · €4.10/mg
Felt in 24 h – 3 days

Builds over days or weeks of regular use rather than with each dose.

47 user reports
Glowing 12Positive 16Mixed 4Nothing 6Negative 5Bad reaction 4
  • @lakemandude· · 174 likesOriginal ↗

    About 5 weeks on KPV – have not missed a day. It’s been a week since my last sneeze attack – usually have several a day.

    GlowingImmune · 5 weeks

    year-round airborne allergies

  • @rileyanderz· · 157 likesOriginal ↗

    Notes after two doses of 500mcg KPV for MCAS: - Significant brain fog improvement - Significantly less dizzy - Have laughed out loud multiple times (basically non-existent before)

    GlowingImmune · 500 mcg · 2 doses

    MCAS

  • r/CIRS· · 5 upvotesOriginal ↗

    KPV oral did nothing for my MSH. I suspect it needs to be subcutaneous to cross the blood brain barrier

    NothingImmune · Oral

    CIRS, low MSH

Users report
About half of users report a clear benefit, much of it from KPV on its own rather than only inside the KLOW blend: eczema, acne, psoriasis and rosacea clearing, better tolerance of trigger foods in MCAS and colitis, less joint pain, and some striking seasonal-allergy reports. Several relapse within about two weeks of stopping. Around 15% feel nothing, and oral capsules are named most often by those who did. Roughly a quarter end up net worse in the first one or two weeks, with flu-like symptoms, dizziness, gas and diarrhoea, or mood swings. Starting at 50-100 mcg usually avoids this. A few report a rash or a severe migraine.
Best effects
Less body-wide inflammation / aches · eczema, psoriasis, dandruff improvement · calmer gut / IBD symptoms · fewer seasonal allergy symptoms
Downsides
Flu-like or cold-like feeling first days · fatigue · bloating, gas, diarrhoea · occasional light-headedness
Watch
No human exposure data at all (FDA note); long-term effects unknown · Generic: grey-market purity
Evidence
Animal only — Mouse colitis models via PepT1 uptake; no human trials
Typical use
250-500 mcg/day subQ or 500-1000 mcg oral on an empty stomach; sensitive users start at 50 mcg. HHS enforcement discretion (29 Oct 2026) covers oral/topical KPV only. Users report 250–500 mcg/day (median 350 mcg, n=11).
Getting it
Mostly research-chemical vials and oral capsules online; HHS now lets pharmacies compound oral and topical KPV.
Stacked with
KLOW (GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500 + KPV): The most common way people take it, mainly for skin and old injuries, which makes KPV's own share hard to separate. · BPC-157: Paired for gut and joint inflammation; a few users found BPC-157 did more, or eased KPV's early 'off' feeling. · GHK-Cu: Two-peptide skin stack (or KLOW without BPC/TB) for eczema, rosacea and acne.

User reports 54

  • @lakemandude· · 174 likesOriginal ↗

    About 5 weeks on KPV – have not missed a day. It’s been a week since my last sneeze attack – usually have several a day.

    GlowingImmune · 5 weeks

    year-round airborne allergies

  • @rileyanderz· · 157 likesOriginal ↗

    Notes after two doses of 500mcg KPV for MCAS: - Significant brain fog improvement - Significantly less dizzy - Have laughed out loud multiple times (basically non-existent before)

    GlowingImmune · 500 mcg · 2 doses

    MCAS

  • r/Biohackers· · 68 upvotesOriginal ↗

    After about a month or less I stopped getting any acne, and now maybe 3-4 months later I still had not gotten any acne and I’ve even taken breaks of kpv of up to two weeks and it still stayed

    GlowingSkin & hair · 3-4 months

    6-7 years of cystic acne; started testosterone around the same time

  • r/Biohackers· · 28 upvotesOriginal ↗

    After those initial 3 days my skin stopped itching and then the inflammation and redness started to drastically decrease day after day. So far my skin has repaired to around 70% of it's original state

    GlowingSkin & hair · 500 mcg/day · Injection · 10 days

    lifelong severe eczema, topical steroids insufficient

  • r/Biohackers· · 9 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I started taking KPV and no joke within the first two days of taking it, I had zero ear congestion and it has not come for a visit since. I have never had something so successful for this.

    GlowingImmune · 250 mcg/day for 3 weeks, then 500 mcg/day

    seasonal allergies

  • @OfficialGuySam· · 5 likesOriginal ↗

    KPV reduced my gut inflammation within hours of the first dose, so much that I no longer have food restrictions or gastro issues.

    Glowing

    8 years of undiagnosed gut problems

  • @jetta713· · 4 likesOriginal ↗

    on kpv i honestly barely take any meds. It took about 2-3 wks before i started to really notice that. I also have hashimoto and the base level of inflammation ive been carrying no matter my diet has completely disappeared.

    GlowingImmune · 2-3 weeks to notice

    allergies, Hashimoto's

  • r/UlcerativeColitis· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Ever since i added KPV to the mix, there is no blood. I use the injectable version. Not even the occasional small bright amount. Stool consistency is way better.

    Glowing350 mcg/day · Injection

    ulcerative colitis on mesalazine; stacked with TA1, thymalin and VIP

  • @harperQuinn2024· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    KPV changed my life. I had some sort of nondescript inflammatory condition going on, ongoing arthralgia/myalgia. I’ve been on pred for a bit with no change, then as a last ditch I tried KPV and ditched the pred. Two weeks symptoms totally resolved.

    GlowingRecovery · 2 weeks

    inflammatory arthralgia/myalgia unresponsive to prednisone

  • @JarrodHerdt· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    I have had terrible dyshidrosis eczema for years. Liquid filled blister (Google at your own peril) I introduced KPV solo and I have reduced any signs by 95%.

    GlowingSkin & hair

    dyshidrotic eczema, KPV alone

  • r/covidlonghaulers· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I have MCAS and a low dose Tirz/high dose KPV protocol has been life changing for me. I wouldn’t call it a “cure” but it has certainly improved my quality of life and helped me manage the condition better.

    GlowingImmune · 1500-2000 mcg/day (1000-1500 oral + 500 subq) · Oral

    MCAS, with low-dose tirzepatide

  • r/covidlonghaulers· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I did kpv for 2 months and I could eat basically anything which dramatically changed my life but I’m worried about doing it forever. I just tried cycling off and made it two weeks before symptoms returned.

    Glowing2 months

    MCAS / histamine intolerance

  • @shinysgc· · 81 likesOriginal ↗

    Over this time of consistently running KPV, I’ve noticed I’ve needed allergy medication far less often.

    PositiveImmune · ~9 months

    started for acne; animal and pollen allergies, asthma

  • r/Biohackers· · 53 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Great for overall inflammation, skin inflammation and gut health, fungus, etc. My toe nail never gets yellow anymore, dandruff completely gone, skin is a little calmer and my digestion can handle lactose more.

    PositiveSkin & hair

  • r/Biohackers· · 14 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Inflammation is noticeably down. When I train and do long runs my ankle swells. With KPV, it has not and it has decreased overall inflammation

    PositiveRecovery · 2 weeks

    added to BPC-157, TB-500 and GHK-Cu

  • r/Biohackers· · 10 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It takes a couple weeks to see the benefits of it, but for me overall it helps with general inflammation, better recovery from workouts and less aches/pains. Surprisingly it helped with my cardiac condition of SVT too

    PositiveRecovery · about 3 months

    supraventricular tachycardia (later ablated)

  • @fsasjohn· · 8 likesOriginal ↗

    KPV, it’s cleared up my eczema within a few weeks of usage. I’ve used multiple ointments/creams dedicated for eczema and they didn’t resolve the issue or it got worse.

    PositiveSkin & hair · a few weeks

    eczema unresponsive to creams

  • r/CIRS· · 6 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Oral didn’t work for me but injections worked very well! My MSH went from less than 1 to 28 in a few months.

    PositiveImmune · Injection · a few months

    CIRS (Shoemaker protocol)

  • r/Biohackers· · 5 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Amazing peptide, allows me to push the boat out on occasions with food and keeps my psoriasis under control

    PositiveSkin & hair

    psoriasis; also takes TA1

  • r/PeptidePathways· · 5 upvotesOriginal ↗

    J avais des inflammations genou/épaules, J ai utilisé Bpc157 et tb500, résultat médiocre en cure 8 semaines. Nouvelle inflammation plus tard J ai fait bpc et kpv, les douleurs et synovies de genoux ont arrêtés en 5 semaines

    PositiveRecovery · 500 mcg/day with BPC-157 · 5 weeks

    knee osteoarthritis after partial knee replacement; BPC-157 + TB-500 alone had done little

  • r/Longcovidgutdysbiosis· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    i have had very good results with KPV plus diet cleanup (whole foods). MCAS is much better and dont have hardly any bloating and acid issues, chronic cough way better. it didnt happen over night...went low and slow with capsules

    Positivequarter capsule 3x/day, titrated slowly · Oral

    MCAS / post-viral gut, with whole-food diet

  • r/Longcovidgutdysbiosis· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I took the kpv for a month, I was doing so much better then I stopped it because I wanted to do a cycle one month on, one month off. And when I stopped it all my symptoms returned even though I had even been able to stop ketotifen under kpv!

    PositiveImmune · 1 month

    fluoroquinolone toxicity and MCAS

  • @KayNH4ever· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    Yes, KPV got my acne to clear and rosacea also. Nothing else ever helped even my skin regiment.

    PositiveSkin & hair

  • @PriscillaPelgen· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    Pulled out the KPV and dosed 2 units right then. In 30 mins, I felt a bit of relief, 1 hour later significant relief, after 90 mins pain was minimal.

    PositiveRecovery

    rhomboid knot pinching a nerve; usually takes KPV for allergies

  • @ree1dist· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    KPV = Goat of pain relief. Just a small mcg dose daily is enough.

    PositiveRecovery

    with BPC-157 and TB-500

  • r/Biohacking· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    My rosacea has been calm since I started. Summer sun exposure usually leaves me bright red with tiny bumps and dry, scaly texture. I’m usually at my dermatologist’s office every summer asking to try new things and this is the first year I didn’t need to.

    PositiveSkin & hair

    rosacea; KLOW blend (with BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu)

  • @BoJaxGOAT· · 2 likesOriginal ↗

    Been on KPV for a few months now. Biggest thing I’ve noticed is inflammation seems way more under control and my skin has been noticeably better. Nothing flashy

    PositiveSkin & hair · a few months

  • @scawtys· · 2 likesOriginal ↗

    KPV takes all my eczema away, have tested multiple times stopping and starting

    PositiveSkin & hair

    eczema

  • r/Biohackers· · 5 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It’s helping what I was using it for but damn I’m so tired/rundown

    Mixed250 mcg/day · Injection · 4 days

  • r/Longcovidgutdysbiosis· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It did wonders for my gut, but I think it has worse side effects compared to other peptides. Flares and feeling "off"... it's annoying because it really helped my stomach for a few days.

    Mixed50-150 mcg/day · about a week

    autoimmune arthritis and reflux; stopped and kept BPC-157

  • r/Biohackers· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I was on 300mcg starting my first week, my psorasis was going away and helping my digestion. 2 week was probably the worst week ive had in a very long time. Bloating, headaches, aches in my sides and stomach, very depressed/fatigued.

    MixedSkin & hair · 300 mcg/day · 2 weeks

    psoriasis

  • r/Biohackers· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I’ve had lots of inflammation in my joints, especially my knees and ankles and that’s helped a ton there. I used to struggle really bad with just walking down my basement steps to do laundry and now I could probably run down those stairs lol.

    MixedRecovery · started 500 mcg, dropped to 250 mcg, now 700 mcg-1 mg · Injection · 2 months

    on retatrutide

  • r/CIRS· · 5 upvotesOriginal ↗

    KPV oral did nothing for my MSH. I suspect it needs to be subcutaneous to cross the blood brain barrier

    NothingImmune · Oral

    CIRS, low MSH

  • @GandalfGreybush· · 4 likesOriginal ↗

    These did basically nothing noticeable (expectations were high for KPV)

    Nothing

  • r/Biohacking· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    My rat is 10 weeks into a 1mg KPV daily dose and does not feel anything different with no changes to blood markers.

    Nothing1 mg/day · 10 weeks

  • r/covidlonghaulers· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Took oral KPV for a month. Felt generally slightly more energy. Didn’t change MCAS or any other symptom at all.

    NothingImmune · Oral · 1 month

    long COVID MCAS

  • r/UlcerativeColitis· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I think they really helped overall with my energy, but specifically KPV I’m not sure I really notice anything from that one, but maybe I never went up high enough in dose?

    Nothing500 mcg/day

    ulcerative colitis on a biologic, with tirzepatide and BPC-157

  • @Full_Preterist· · 2 likesOriginal ↗

    i've tried so many peptides and never noticed hardly anything on any of them. Slight effect with KPV

    Nothing

  • r/Longcovidgutdysbiosis· · 5 upvotesOriginal ↗

    it supposedly healed one persons MCAS so I spent $150 to try it and all it did was give me nightmares and made me irritable.

    Negativetitrated up to 500 mcg/day over two weeks · Oral

    long COVID with MCAS and ulcerative colitis

  • r/covidlonghaulers· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It calms my MCAS for an hour, then makes it worse until the next dose. And since repeated use gives me mood swings, I've never been able to establish a stable routine.

    NegativeImmune · Oral

    long COVID MCAS

  • r/Longcovidgutdysbiosis· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I've been on it for 5 days but its makes me feel like i took adderall and i cant take it at night or i wont sleep till like 3am.

    Negative5+ days

    MCAS and food intolerances after antibiotics

  • r/Biohackers· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Took 250mcg for 6 days but since day one It dizzy. Feeling off. And today for the first time I felt dizzy the whole day. So I’ll stop and then maybe continue with much smaller dose. I’m genuinely scared that I’ll faint.

    Negative250 mcg/day · 6 days

  • r/Biohackers· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Woke up last night (about 5 days in, 200mcg) with extreme gas pain and what felt like a stomach cramp. Then had 2 rounds of diarrhea. In between them I was laid out on the bathroom floor because I legitimately felt like I was dying.

    Negative200 mcg/day · 5 days

    undiagnosed autoimmune condition

  • @volfan5454· · 3 likesOriginal ↗

    kpv gave me a headache

    Bad reaction

  • r/Longcovidgutdysbiosis· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    After 5 days of none stop rash . I stop KPV all together and start to treat rash and it’s gone now. Didn’t get back to KPV again. I think I have allergy to this one.

    Bad reactionSkin & hair · 5 days

    wanted it for a neck rash, which grew instead

  • @loser_amer34265· · 2 likesOriginal ↗

    I just got KPV and I experienced some tightness in my lungs. Slight difficulty breathing. Weird because KPV is widely reported to be free of side effects for most people.

    Bad reaction

  • r/Longcovidgutdysbiosis· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It gave me one on day 6 I wanna say. Was in ER for the migraine. Not gonna run it anymore. Still feel like crap.

    Bad reaction6 days

  • @pioneerRyd· · 52 likesOriginal ↗

    Within days I noticed my symptoms were alleviating, bowel pain was minimizing, bleeding ceased to exist and movements became more normal and regular as time went on. Then as you will also see below, my inflammation levels returned all the way to baseline

    GlowingInjection · 12 weeks · vendor-adjacent

    ulcerative colitis, mesalamine failed

  • @James9thLife· · 185 likesOriginal ↗

    My GI feels much better. I don't have as much gas/bloating. - I "feel" less inflamed. It's kinda hard to describe this one, but I simply feel cleaner. - My skin has made noticeable improvements. Shoulder acne is gone.

    Positive~3 weeks · vendor-adjacent

    with oral BPC-157

  • @Zygomatic03· · 53 likesOriginal ↗

    KPV: Light improvement in feeling of gut health and bowel movements over six weeks. Not game changing individually, may be more effective if injected

    Positive6 weeks · vendor-adjacent

  • @irvinnofficial· · 32 likesOriginal ↗

    My face looks brighter, sharper, less puffy, my mild rosacea has calmed down, and overall, my face just looks... healthier, more awake, and leaner.

    PositiveSkin & hair · vendor-adjacent

    alongside retatrutide fat loss

  • @rahulmodifit· · 17 likesOriginal ↗

    out of curiosity i started taking KPV alongside it. within about 20 minutes the nausea was significantly better.

    Positivevendor-adjacent

    nausea from cagrilintide

  • @HormoneForge· · 4 likesOriginal ↗

    I've added kpv to my ghk-cu for the past 2 weeks to reduce the redness. Doesn't seem to help.

    NothingSkin & hair · 2 weeks · vendor-adjacent

    added to GHK-Cu for redness

  • @Amberlywave· · 2 likesOriginal ↗

    How long until you noticed KPV helping with allergies? Im 10 days in and not experiencing results yet.

    NothingImmune · 10 days · vendor-adjacent

    allergies

Safety

Tier by safety barStrict CautionBalanced CautionEvidence only Caution

Seen harmMechanismData gapSilent harmProduct

Seen harm 1/3
No human study exists. Among about fifty first-hand reports, one describes an emergency visit for migraine and others a spreading rash or chest tightness; isolated. r/Longcovidgutdysbiosis: KPV side effects (ER visit for migraine; spreading rash) ↗
Mechanism 1/3
The C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH, anti-inflammatory through NF-kB in mouse colitis without acting on melanocortin receptors; dampening inflammation is a speculative rather than demonstrated harm path. Dalmasso et al. 2008: oral KPV reduces mouse colitis via PepT1 (Gastroenterology) ↗
Data gap 3/3
FDA found no human exposure data by any route, and there is no published trial or pharmacokinetic study. FDA: bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks (category 2 and withdrawn nominations) ↗
Silent harm 1/3
Reported effects (GI upset, dizziness, rash, headache) appear within days.
Product 3/3
Mostly grey-market vials, injected, with oral capsules a common alternative; HHS let pharmacies compound oral and topical KPV only from October 2026. Mendias & Awan 2026 preprint: 6,441 grey-market peptide samples, 42-71% failed quality criteria, 15% had endotoxin ↗
Never if
Pregnancy or breastfeeding (no human reproductive data)

Where to buy 12 in Europe · 16 total

ShopFormPricePer mgTesting
XL PeptidesUK · GBpowder · 10 mg€2923.99 GBP€2.87/mgThird-party tested
Baltic PeptidesEU · LTpowder · 10 mg€35€3.50/mgThird-party tested
Semax PolskaEU · PLspray · 10 mg+5 mg GHK-CuExcluded€39€3.87/mgThird-party tested
Condor ResearchEU · SKcapsules · 30 mg€120€4.00/mgNo public tests
Semax PolskaEU · PLpowder · 10 mg€41€4.10/mgThird-party tested
CertaPeptidesEU · ROpowder · 10 mg€43€4.30/mgThird-party tested
Particle PeptidesEU · SKpowder · 10 mg€54€5.37/mgOwn COA
Condor ResearchEU · SKpowder · 10 mg€55€5.50/mgNo public tests
Europa-PeptideEU · PLpowder · 10 mg€63€6.29/mgOwn COA
Particle PeptidesEU · SKpowder · 5 mg€33€6.63/mgOwn COA
Modern Peptides EUEU · DEpowder · 10 mg€78€7.80/mgOwn COA
SwissChemsUScapsules · 15 mg€126139.95 USD€8.38/mgThird-party tested
Limitless Biotech (Limitless Life Nootropics)UScapsules · 15 mg€128143 USD€8.57/mgNo public tests
Limitless Biotech (Limitless Life Nootropics)USpowder · 10 mg€8695.99 USD€8.62/mgNo public tests
Limitless Biotech (Limitless Life Nootropics)USpowder · 5 mg€4448.99 USD€8.80/mgNo public tests
Modern Peptides EUEU · DEpowder · 5 mg€55€11/mgOwn COA

Studies 4

Sources 3

More in Gut all 6 →

  1. 1Larazotide GGVLVQPG (8 residues) Clean Oral≈ €54–140 / month56%positive6 reportsTight-junction (zonulin) blocker trialled for celiac; very safe, but efficacy failed phase 3.
  2. 2Bovine colostrum CautionSupplement Oral≈ €28–56 / month47%positive24 reportsCow's first milk: immunoglobulins, lactoferrin and growth-factor peptides for gut lining and fewer colds.
  3. 3Polaprezinc (zinc L-carnosine) AH (2 residues) ExcludedSupplement Oral≈ €32 / month54%positive25 reportsJapanese ulcer drug sold as a supplement; the go-to oral 'stomach lining' option for gastritis.
  4. 4Plecanatide Excluded Oral≈ €540–650 / month45%positive25 reportsApproved uroguanylin-like GC-C agonist tablet for constipation and IBS-C; linaclotide's sibling.The label warns of severe diarrhoea (0.6-1% in trials, most within the first days) with instructions to stop and rehydrate, and Reddit users describe days of watery diarrhoea leaving them badly dehydrated. Its sibling linaclotide has post-marketing hospitalisations for the same harm. It is obvious and stops when the drug does, so under a doctor it is a reasonable constipation treatment, but it is a real route to serious harm and does not belong on a clean wellness list.
  5. 5Linaclotide Excluded Oral≈ €450 / month45%positive25 reportsApproved gut-only GC-C agonist pill for IBS-C and constipation; works for many, often too well.The label warns of severe diarrhoea (2% in trials), and post-marketing reports describe dehydration with fainting, low blood pressure and low potassium or sodium that needed IV fluids or hospital, plus rare anaphylaxis and angioedema. The harm is obvious at once and stops when the drug does, so under a doctor it is a reasonable IBS-C treatment, but it is a real route to serious harm and does not belong on a clean wellness list.

Sequence beads

Each bead is one amino acid in the peptide's chain, coloured by its side chain: grey for non-polar, cyan for polar, blue for positively charged and fuchsia for negatively charged. Length and mix tell related peptides apart at a glance, from a two-residue dipeptide like carnosine to a 43-residue protein like thymosin beta-4. The colours describe chemistry only and predict neither effect nor safety.

non-polarpolarpositivenegative

Report grades

Every first-hand Reddit or X report is graded on its own, from glowing through positive, mixed, nothing and negative to bad reaction, and the bar shows how those grades split. Posts that look vendor-adjacent stay on the peptide's page but are left out of the counts.

GlowingPositiveMixedNothingNegativeBad reaction

% positive

The share of a peptide's graded Reddit and X reports that are glowing or positive, vendor-adjacent posts left out. A peptide with few reports is pulled toward the average of all reports, as if it had eight average ones besides its own, so two glowing posts cannot top the list. Kept peptides rank by the same reports' mean grade, shrunk the same way, and excluded ones follow in that order.

Researcher estimate

No first-hand report of this peptide has been graded yet, so the figure is the researchers' own rating out of 10 from what they read about it. It ranks alongside the computed scores until reports arrive.

Safety tier

Each peptide is tiered clean, caution or excluded from its five risk axes under the chosen safety bar. An excluded peptide has a plausible route to serious harm, so it stays listed with the reason but ranks behind every other entry, however good its reviews.

Safety bar

The safety bar sets how much risk it takes to exclude a peptide. Strict: out on any serious mechanism with little human data, or any documented serious harm. Balanced: out on documented serious harm (unless it is obvious, reversible and from a regulated product), or a serious mechanism whose harm would be silent with no human data at all. Evidence only: out only on documented serious harm in humans that is lasting, delayed or from grey-market product.

Seen harm

Documented serious adverse events in humans, from 0 for none despite real exposure to 3 for deaths or several well-documented serious harms. Serious means a hospital or emergency visit or harm lasting weeks, so a headache or a bad night does not count.

Mechanism

A plausible biological route to serious harm at the doses people use, such as growth-factor signalling, hormone-axis suppression, heart or blood-pressure effects or immune activation. It runs from 0 when none is known to 3 when a dangerous pathway has been shown in living animals.

Data gap

How little human safety data exists for the molecule actually sold, from 0 for an approved drug with large trials and years of use to 3 for no human safety data at all. A modified analogue does not inherit its parent's trials.

Silent harm

Whether the feared harm would show quickly or stay hidden, from 0 when it is obvious and goes on stopping to 3 when it is silent and delayed, like tumour promotion or slow organ damage. User reports cannot reveal a harm that takes years to appear, so a high score here limits what good reviews can tell you.

Product

The risk of what people actually buy, from 0 for a regulated pharmacy or supplement product taken by mouth or on the skin to 3 for a grey-market injectable. In one dataset of 6,441 grey-market samples, 42–71% failed basic quality criteria and 15% carried endotoxin.

Evidence

The strongest kind of study behind the peptide's effects, from an approved drug through human controlled trials and small human studies to animal work or nothing of its own. Animal results often fail to carry over to people.

Access

How people get it: as an approved drug, a compounded prescription, an over-the-counter supplement or from the grey market, where nobody checks the vial. The channel decides both the legal position and the risk of a bad batch.

Price per month

Thirty days of the typical dose, from its low end to its high end, priced at the listing a careful buyer would choose: in stock, from a shop scoring 4 of 5 on trust (third-party tested where no score is set), failing that 3, a pure pack before a blend, a European shop first, then the cheapest per mg. The range is the dose's, not the shops'. A per-dose amount counts once a day unless the dose says otherwise. Prices are in euros at ECB rates of 2026-10-29, before shipping; the shop table keeps each listing's price per mg, per gram for bulk supplements. Where no listing can be priced the researchers' own estimate stands in, and says so.

Dose users report

The middle half of the daily doses stated in at least five first-hand reports, vendor posts left out. Where its middle sits more than twice above or below the declared dose, the month is priced at it as well, since what people take is what they pay for.

Testing

Whether the shop publishes lab results: third-party tested means an independent lab checks each batch, own COA means the shop's own certificate of analysis, and no public tests means neither. A certificate shows purity, not safety.

Added peptide

Some packs sold under one peptide's name hold a second one, such as 5 mg GHK-Cu in a nasal kit, stated only in the description. Sprayed in the nose or injected it reaches the blood like an injection, so it carries the risk of that route and is tiered as the injectable form, whatever its tier on the skin. A pack whose page gives no contents list may hold more than its name.