PepRank

LL-37

53%positive26 reports

Also: cathelicidin · hCAP-18 C-terminal peptide · CAP-18

ExcludedGutRecoveryTopical / Injection

Endogenous antimicrobial peptide for chronic infections/dysbiosis; pro-inflammatory, pro-tumour in places.

LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES · unmodified (cathelicidin, CAMP C-terminus) (37 residues)

LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES unmodified (cathelicidin, CAMP C-terminus)

#33 of 61 research peptides · updated
Access
Grey market
Cost / month
≈ €45–110
researchers' estimate; no listing to price
Felt in 7 days – 5 weeks

Builds over days or weeks of regular use rather than with each dose.

26 user reports
Glowing 4Positive 10Mixed 4Nothing 2Negative 4Bad reaction 2
  • r/Peptidesource· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Antibiotics were working, introduce the LL-37 and within 3 weeks the infection cleared. I used it on half dose to avoid a bad flu that was going round but it cleared up my athletes foot like no other cream before, 3 months in and I'm still all clear

    GlowingInjection

    own athlete's foot, plus a relative's cellulitis foot infection already on antibiotics; half dose

  • r/SIBO· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Killed all the nad crap. Was a rough ride for 5 weeks. Tongue got pink again, no more bloating and all the other crap that comes with h pylori , sibo and candida

    GlowingGut · Injection · 5 weeks

    H. pylori, SIBO, candida and mould exposure; stacked with BPC-157

  • r/SIBO· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I have tried all 3, oral and injected BPC157 and noticed no difference from any of them on gut symptoms.

    NothingGut

    SIBO gut symptoms; also tried KPV and BPC-157

Strict case
Pro-inflammatory/autoimmune and context-dependent pro-tumour activity, plus FDA-noted reproductive effects.
Users report
There are few reports. Some credit it with clearing long-running low-grade infections or cellulitis alongside antibiotics, or with dysbiosis. Others feel 'off' with worst-ever brain fog or Herxheimer-type reactions, and many keep it only for acute illness because of the risks discussed.
Best effects
Clearing stubborn infections (anecdotal) · biofilm/dysbiosis claims · wound healing (topical)
Downsides
Brain fog, malaise · Herxheimer-type flu-like reactions · injection-site inflammation
Watch
Pro-tumorigenic in ovarian, breast and lung cancer models (FDA note) · Drives autoimmune inflammation (psoriasis, lupus) and is found in atherosclerotic plaque · FDA: nonclinical detrimental effects on male reproduction
Evidence
Small human studies — Topical phase 2 for venous leg ulcers; injectable use animal only
Typical use
100-250 mcg/day subQ in short courses.
Getting it
Research-peptide vendors only; on the FDA's Category 2 list, so US pharmacies cannot compound it, and users report it getting harder to find. No approved product anywhere.
Stacked with
Thymosin alpha-1: The usual partner in Lyme and mould protocols, taken to support immunity while LL-37 is the antimicrobial; also what users credit for some of the die-off. · BPC-157 and KPV: Gut stacks for SIBO, H. pylori and candida; users who improved on these stacks cannot separate the peptides. · Binders (charcoal, zeolite, cholestyramine): Taken to blunt die-off reactions, alongside a lower starting dose.

User reports 27

  • r/Peptidesource· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Antibiotics were working, introduce the LL-37 and within 3 weeks the infection cleared. I used it on half dose to avoid a bad flu that was going round but it cleared up my athletes foot like no other cream before, 3 months in and I'm still all clear

    GlowingInjection

    own athlete's foot, plus a relative's cellulitis foot infection already on antibiotics; half dose

  • r/SIBO· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Killed all the nad crap. Was a rough ride for 5 weeks. Tongue got pink again, no more bloating and all the other crap that comes with h pylori , sibo and candida

    GlowingGut · Injection · 5 weeks

    H. pylori, SIBO, candida and mould exposure; stacked with BPC-157

  • r/Candida· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Healed my Bad breath that i had for 14 years. Did keto and ll-37. im kind of in the State to start a second course because i reintroduced way to fast

    GlowingGut · 500 mcg/day · 20-day course

    candida/gut dysbiosis, combined with a keto diet

  • r/SIBO· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Helped me to cure chronic sinusitis, I was so tired of using antibiotics every month! Used in spray, 200 mcg daily, reconstituted with colloid silver water

    Glowing200 mcg/day · Nasal

    chronic sinusitis; spray made up with colloidal silver water

  • r/Herpes· · 8 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I’ve had some luck with controlling my outbreaks with peptide therapy, specifically LL-37.

    Positive

    HSV-1; taken twice a day when a flare starts, alongside vagus-nerve exercises

  • r/Peptidesource· · 5 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Took it a few years ago for around a month. Worked well for those battling with dysbiosis but probably needs multiple cycles. Paired it with TA1

    PositiveGut · about a month

    dysbiosis, paired with thymosin alpha-1

  • r/NTNPerformance· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I have Lichen Sclerosis and although I haven't had a flare-up since doing an 8 week cycle - it's too early for me to call it

    Positive8-week cycle

    lichen sclerosus (autoimmune); low and slow to avoid herx; the user says it is too early to call

  • r/Peptidesource· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I actually think it helped me fight off a low grade infection that I’ve had for years. I don’t have any bad reactions and I read the study that was just shared. Short term use and low doses seems the safest.

    Positive

    short course at low dose

  • r/ToxicMoldExposure· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    LL37 is great for colonized mold, Lyme cysts and I believe bad bacteria and viruses too. It has definitely gone after the fungus in my lungs. Day 1 of injecting it and I had die off.

    PositiveInjection · second round (first one 2 years earlier)

    colonised Aspergillus; stacked with thymosin alpha-1, TB-4, KPV/BPC-157 and daily HBOT

  • r/mecfs· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It's hard to separate the SS-31 and the LL-37 as I resumed taking SS-31 very shortly before beginning LL-37, but I think I have more energy than last time I was taking SS-31. I think it's likely the LL-37 is helping.

    PositiveEnergy · 3 weeks

    ME/CFS; restarted SS-31 at the same time

  • r/Peptides· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Personally I had the positive effects of killing off whatever critters were making me crave sugar like it was a drug.

    PositiveGut

  • r/Lyme· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I've already taken it before and I'm taking it again now and I will continue to take it in the future. Nothing negative to report

    Positive

    replying to a post about an Alzheimer's-progression study

  • r/Biohackers· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Dont feel compelled to use a certain dose as there is no such thing. The doses are all just made up. So use what you can tolerate. I used 1mg and it worked great.

    Positive1 mg

    advice to someone who reacted badly: lower the dose

  • r/Lyme· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Increased herx responses and better looking live blood tests. Was doing in combination with daily herbs, bi-weekly IVs (nano copper/silver, NAC, Resveratrol, etc), and Thymosin Alpha 1 peptide (5 days a week).

    Positive~125 mcg/day, 30 days on / 30 off · 3 cycles over a year

    chronic Lyme; heavily confounded with herbs, IVs and thymosin alpha-1

  • r/Candida· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    First day got bad die off which made me feel fluish and gave me vertigo. Then after that agitation after my night shot for a couple of days. But on the positive I usually get really depressed during the full moon. Not this month.

    MixedGut · 100 mcg twice daily · 1 week

    candida

  • r/SIBO· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    It's been a long road so far, with a lot of ups and downs. I'd say a little bit better, depending on the situation.

    MixedGut

    SIBO

  • r/Lyme· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Felt like I had to flu for 3-4 days. Then things leveled out. It definitely knocked something’s back but unfortunately did not cure me.

    Mixed3-4 months

    chronic Lyme; went on to ozone and herbal protocols

  • r/Lyme· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I started it about 4 weeks ago after the first two doses Istarted having some herxing. I lowered my dose and it has improved. I am also taking a couple other peptides my symptoms are improving.

    Mixed4 weeks

    Lyme; started after 30 days of doxycycline, with other peptides and Buhner herbs

  • r/SIBO· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I have tried all 3, oral and injected BPC157 and noticed no difference from any of them on gut symptoms.

    NothingGut

    SIBO gut symptoms; also tried KPV and BPC-157

  • r/Lyme· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Unfortunately it didn’t help me at all :(

    Nothing

    Lyme; prescribed by a California doctor

  • r/Peptidesource· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I’m 2 weeks in 250mcg daily of it under a protocol with a doctor. I’ve felt a general “off” feeling, I’d say my brain fog is also at its absolute worst.

    Negative250 mcg/day · 2 weeks

    doctor-run protocol for high mycotoxin and heavy-metal labs

  • r/SIBO· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    LL increased my inflammation & with knees and joints it made & caused sleepless painful nights. I did try it 2 times: For me LL wasn’t helpful.

    NegativeGut · 2 tries

  • r/Lyme· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I didn’t herx from the ta1 or kpv. I believe it was the ll-37 causing that. I backed off on the amount I was taking and the herx reaction got better.

    Negative

    mould colonisation; also on TA1, BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, KPV

  • r/Biohacking· · 1 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Just started LL-37 last night and I woke up having some joint pains, achyness, and some burning on my body is it possible this is related?

    Negative1 dose

  • r/BodyHackGuide· · 3 upvotesOriginal ↗

    After being sick for 2 weeks I decided to tap into the LL-37 in hopes I could force the virus out. The next 3 days felt like I should've been on hospice lol.

    Bad reaction

    taken after two weeks of a viral illness

  • r/Biohacking· · 2 upvotesOriginal ↗

    I dosed it twice at very low doses and after the second dose I woke up the next morning with my face so swollen I could barely see. It took a week to go away and damaged the moisture barrier on my face.

    Bad reactionvery low (2 then 6 units of a 3 ml vial) · 2 doses

  • r/BodyHackGuide· · 6 upvotesOriginal ↗

    Within 5 hours of that injection, I got slammed with body aches to the level of "herx", and LL-37 has a known side effect of causing this by too big of a cytokine response.

    NegativeInjection · 2 doses · vendor-adjacent

    taken at the first sign of an infection

Safety

Tier by safety barStrict ExcludedBalanced CautionEvidence only Caution

Seen harmMechanismData gapSilent harmProduct

Seen harm 1/3
Of the three people ever injected with it in a trial, one developed a keratoacanthoma-like skin proliferation that cleared after stopping; topical trials saw more local reactions at the highest dose, and one first-hand report describes a face swollen shut for a week. Isolated. Dermatologic toxicity from intratumoral LL-37 in melanoma: keratoacanthoma-like proliferation (PubMed 29665030) ↗Grönberg et al. 2014: topical LL-37 in venous leg ulcers, phase 1/2, n=34 (PubMed 25041740) ↗r/Biohacking: face swollen shut for a week after two low doses of LL-37 ↗
Mechanism 2/3
Immune activation that is established in humans: LL-37 is a T-cell autoantigen in nearly half of psoriasis patients and helps drive lupus by delivering self-DNA to dendritic cells. Pro-tumour data come only from blocking or knocking out the endogenous peptide, and FDA notes male reproductive effects in animals. Lande et al. 2014: LL-37 is a T-cell autoantigen in psoriasis (Nat Commun) ↗LL-37 in lupus: self-DNA delivery to plasmacytoid dendritic cells and anti-LL-37 autoantibodies ↗FDA: bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks (category 2 and withdrawn nominations) ↗
Data gap 3/3
Topical trials cover about 180 people, but there is no human safety data for the subcutaneous injection people use beyond three intratumoral melanoma patients. Grönberg et al. 2014: topical LL-37 in venous leg ulcers, phase 1/2, n=34 (PubMed 25041740) ↗HEAL phase IIb: topical LL-37 in venous leg ulcers, about 148 randomised, failed primary endpoint ↗Dermatologic toxicity from intratumoral LL-37 in melanoma: keratoacanthoma-like proliferation (PubMed 29665030) ↗
Silent harm 2/3
Autoimmune disease would build up over weeks to months, though its skin, joint and blood signs are detectable. Lande et al. 2014: LL-37 is a T-cell autoantigen in psoriasis (Nat Commun) ↗
Product 3/3
Grey-market injectable vials only; it is on FDA's risk list, so US pharmacies cannot compound it. FDA: bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks (category 2 and withdrawn nominations) ↗Mendias & Awan 2026 preprint: 6,441 grey-market peptide samples, 42-71% failed quality criteria, 15% had endotoxin ↗
Never if
Psoriasis, lupus or other autoimmune disease · Active cancer or a history of cancer · Trying to conceive (male reproductive effects in animals) · Pregnancy or breastfeeding (no human reproductive data)

Where to buy 2 in Europe · 6 total

ShopFormPricePer mgTesting
Nootropic SourceUSpowder · 6 mg€5864.95 USD€9.73/mgOwn COA
Modern Peptides EUEU · DEpowder · 5 mg€58€12/mgOwn COA
Limitless Biotech (Limitless Life Nootropics)USsolution · 5 mg€6167.5 USD€12/mgNo public tests
SwissChemsUSpowder · 5 mg€6571.99 USD€13/mgThird-party tested
Limitless Biotech (Limitless Life Nootropics)USpowder · 5 mg€7482.5 USD€15/mgNo public tests
Particle PeptidesEU · SKpowder · 5 mg€78€16/mgOwn COA

Studies 6

Sources 2

More in Immune all 6 →

  1. 1Thymosin alpha-1 SDAAVDTSSEITTKDLKEKKEVVEEAEN (28 residues) Caution Injection≈ €38–40 / month60%positive47 reportsThymic immunomodulator approved abroad for hepatitis B/C; used to cut down on colds.
  2. 2Thymalin Caution Injection≈ €13–54 / month55%positive12 reportsRussian thymus-extract bioregulator for immune 'renewal' in older people; thin evidence.
  3. 3Thymulin Caution Injection / Topical49%positive4 reportsZinc-bound thymic nonapeptide; injected for immunity, sprayed on scalps for hair. 1980s data only.
  4. 4Chonluten Caution Oral / Injection≈ €72–100 / month43%positive1 reportsKhavinson's 'bronchial' tripeptide EDG; no airway study exists, and only one first-hand report was found.
  5. 5VIP HSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN (28 residues) Caution Nasal / IV≈ €36–540 / month50%positive30 reportsPotent vasodilating neuropeptide used in mould-illness (CIRS) protocols under a doctor.Significant cardiovascular action (vasodilation/hypotension) and broad immunomodulation; a supervised CIRS therapy, not a general-health peptide.

Sequence beads

Each bead is one amino acid in the peptide's chain, coloured by its side chain: grey for non-polar, cyan for polar, blue for positively charged and fuchsia for negatively charged. Length and mix tell related peptides apart at a glance, from a two-residue dipeptide like carnosine to a 43-residue protein like thymosin beta-4. The colours describe chemistry only and predict neither effect nor safety.

non-polarpolarpositivenegative

Report grades

Every first-hand Reddit or X report is graded on its own, from glowing through positive, mixed, nothing and negative to bad reaction, and the bar shows how those grades split. Posts that look vendor-adjacent stay on the peptide's page but are left out of the counts.

GlowingPositiveMixedNothingNegativeBad reaction

% positive

The share of a peptide's graded Reddit and X reports that are glowing or positive, vendor-adjacent posts left out. A peptide with few reports is pulled toward the average of all reports, as if it had eight average ones besides its own, so two glowing posts cannot top the list. Kept peptides rank by the same reports' mean grade, shrunk the same way, and excluded ones follow in that order.

Researcher estimate

No first-hand report of this peptide has been graded yet, so the figure is the researchers' own rating out of 10 from what they read about it. It ranks alongside the computed scores until reports arrive.

Safety tier

Each peptide is tiered clean, caution or excluded from its five risk axes under the chosen safety bar. An excluded peptide has a plausible route to serious harm, so it stays listed with the reason but ranks behind every other entry, however good its reviews.

Safety bar

The safety bar sets how much risk it takes to exclude a peptide. Strict: out on any serious mechanism with little human data, or any documented serious harm. Balanced: out on documented serious harm (unless it is obvious, reversible and from a regulated product), or a serious mechanism whose harm would be silent with no human data at all. Evidence only: out only on documented serious harm in humans that is lasting, delayed or from grey-market product.

Seen harm

Documented serious adverse events in humans, from 0 for none despite real exposure to 3 for deaths or several well-documented serious harms. Serious means a hospital or emergency visit or harm lasting weeks, so a headache or a bad night does not count.

Mechanism

A plausible biological route to serious harm at the doses people use, such as growth-factor signalling, hormone-axis suppression, heart or blood-pressure effects or immune activation. It runs from 0 when none is known to 3 when a dangerous pathway has been shown in living animals.

Data gap

How little human safety data exists for the molecule actually sold, from 0 for an approved drug with large trials and years of use to 3 for no human safety data at all. A modified analogue does not inherit its parent's trials.

Silent harm

Whether the feared harm would show quickly or stay hidden, from 0 when it is obvious and goes on stopping to 3 when it is silent and delayed, like tumour promotion or slow organ damage. User reports cannot reveal a harm that takes years to appear, so a high score here limits what good reviews can tell you.

Product

The risk of what people actually buy, from 0 for a regulated pharmacy or supplement product taken by mouth or on the skin to 3 for a grey-market injectable. In one dataset of 6,441 grey-market samples, 42–71% failed basic quality criteria and 15% carried endotoxin.

Evidence

The strongest kind of study behind the peptide's effects, from an approved drug through human controlled trials and small human studies to animal work or nothing of its own. Animal results often fail to carry over to people.

Access

How people get it: as an approved drug, a compounded prescription, an over-the-counter supplement or from the grey market, where nobody checks the vial. The channel decides both the legal position and the risk of a bad batch.

Price per month

Thirty days of the typical dose, from its low end to its high end, priced at the listing a careful buyer would choose: in stock, from a shop scoring 4 of 5 on trust (third-party tested where no score is set), failing that 3, a pure pack before a blend, a European shop first, then the cheapest per mg. The range is the dose's, not the shops'. A per-dose amount counts once a day unless the dose says otherwise. Prices are in euros at ECB rates of 2026-10-29, before shipping; the shop table keeps each listing's price per mg, per gram for bulk supplements. Where no listing can be priced the researchers' own estimate stands in, and says so.

Dose users report

The middle half of the daily doses stated in at least five first-hand reports, vendor posts left out. Where its middle sits more than twice above or below the declared dose, the month is priced at it as well, since what people take is what they pay for.

Testing

Whether the shop publishes lab results: third-party tested means an independent lab checks each batch, own COA means the shop's own certificate of analysis, and no public tests means neither. A certificate shows purity, not safety.

Added peptide

Some packs sold under one peptide's name hold a second one, such as 5 mg GHK-Cu in a nasal kit, stated only in the description. Sprayed in the nose or injected it reaches the blood like an injection, so it carries the risk of that route and is tiered as the injectable form, whatever its tier on the skin. A pack whose page gives no contents list may hold more than its name.